Attention to The Symptoms of Eye Cancer!

Malignant tumors that form in the tissues around the eye, inside the eye, eyelid or retina are defined as “eye cancer”.

Eye cancer, which is mostly found in the cells that give color to the eye and feed the eye, can also occur in surrounding tissues. Melanoma, intraocular lymphoma, retinablastoma seen in children, hemangioma, eyelid melanoma, tear gland tumor are types of eye cancer.

The most important symptoms of eye cancer:

– Blurred vision,

– Loss of vision,

– Hypersensitivity to light,

– Redness of the eyes,

– Swelling in the eyes,

– Tenderness in the eyelids,

– Inflammation around the eye,

– Dark discoloration of the colored part of the eye.

Causes that lead to eye cancer:

– Exposure to very high levels of radiation

– Smoking and alcohol consumption,

– Genetic inheritance and predisposition,

– Damage to the cells around the eye caused by ultraviolet rays can also lead to eye cancer.

If the disease is in the initial stage, laser treatment is generally the preferred method. In cases where laser treatment is not sufficient, proton therapy is mostly applied to the patient. In advanced cases, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be applied.

February 2023

Çoçukluk Çağı Körlük Nedenleri

İnsanın en temel duyularından biri olan görme, bir çocuk dünyaya geldikten 3 ya da 4 ay sonra gelişmeye başlar. Bu sebeple bebeklerin doğumdan hemen sonraki dönemde göz muayenelerinin yapılması ve doğumsal bir göz hastalığı olup olmadığı kontrol edilmelidir.

Dünyada 38 milyona yakın insanın görme engelli olarak yaşadığını söyleyen Göz Hastalıkları Uzmanı Prof. Dr. Mehmet Hakan Özdemir, çocukluk çağında meydana gelen körlüğün başlıca nedeninin doğumsal katarakt, prematüre retinopatisi ve doğumsal göz tansiyonu (glokom) olduğunu söyledi. Bezmialem Vakıf Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Göz Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Başkanı Prof. Dr. Mehmet Hakan Özdemir, “Körlük nedenleri, bebeklerde görülen doğumsal nedenler ve erişkinlerde görülen edinsel nedenler olarak ayrılıyor. Doğumsal nedenlerin erken teşhisleri ve mümkünse erken tedavileri büyük önem taşımaktadır. Doğumsal katarakt, prematüre retinopatisi, ve doğumsal göz tansiyonu (glokom) en önemli çocukluk çağı körlük nedenleridir” dedi.

Anne karnında kötü beslenme, radyasyon, kortizon ve sulfamid gibi ilaçların alınması ile anne karnında rubella enfeksiyonunun, doğumsal katarakta neden olabildiğini aktaran Dr. Özdemir şöyle devam etti: “Doğumsal kataraktın zamanında tedavi edilmemesi; zekâ geriliği, yürüme zorluğu ve nistagmusa (gözlerde titreme)  neden olabilir. Öte yandan prematüre retinopatisi bebeklerde tedavi edilmezse çok hızlı bir şekilde körlükle sonuçlanabilir. Prematüre retinopatisi, 37 haftadan önce 1.500 gramdan az doğmuş ve solunum problemi nedeniyle oksijen verilmiş bebeklerde görülür. Bir diğer körlük nedeni olan doğumsal glokom, çocuklarda sinsi bir körlük nedenidir. Ailelerin çocuklarının göz kürelerindeki büyümeyi yakalamaları büyük önem taşımaktadır. Çünkü doğumsal glokomun dışarıdan görülebilecek en önemli bulgusu, bebeklerin ya da çocukların gözlerindeki genel büyümedir.” 

Körlük Nedenleri Toplumlara Göre Değişiyor
Dünyadaki körlük nedenleri sıralamasının toplumların gelişmişlik derecelerine göre değiştiğini ifade eden Prof. Özdemir, “Az gelişmiş toplumlarda önlenebilir ya da tedavi edilebilir körlükler daha sık gözükürken, gelişmiş toplumlarda önlenmesi ve tedavi edilmesi daha zor olan körlük nedenleri ön plandadır. Az gelişmiş ülkelerdeki başlıca körlük nedenleri, katarakt, trahom, kornea hastalıkları, göz yaralanmaları iken; gelişmiş ülkelerdeki başlıca körlük nedenleri ise diyabetik retinopati ve yaşa bağlı makula dejeneresyonudur” ifadelerini kullandı.

Modern Tıbbın İlerlemesiyle Körlük Nedenleri Azaldı
Göz, çok komplike ve narin bir yapıya sahip olduğu için herhangi bir nedenle oluşan hasarın tamiri günümüz modern tıbbında bile oldukça zor olabilmektedir. Ülkemizdeki körlük nedenleri daha çok gelişmiş toplumların körlük nedeni profillerine uymaktadır. Örneğin katarakt, çok büyük oranda ülkemizde körlük nedeni olmaktan çıkmıştır. Günümüzde katarakt cerrahisi çoğu vakada fakoemülsifikasyon tekniği ile yapılmaktadır. Cerrahi sonrası hastalar hızlı bir şekilde günlük hayatlarına dönebilmektedir. Katarakt cerrahisinde göze yerleştirilen yeni lens teknolojileri de daha iyi görsel sonuçlar sağlamanın yanında hastaların günlük konforlarını da arttırma olanağı sunmuştur. Kornea cerrahisi yine hızlı bir şekilde gelişmektedir. Kornea nakillerinin yanı sıra, korneal halka, limbal kök hücre kullanımı gibi yenilikler kullanılmaktadır. Bu sayede birçok hasta körlükten kurtarılabilmektedir. Retina hastalıklarına bağlı körlükler gelişmiş toplumlarda olduğu gibi ülkemizde de en önemli körlük nedenleridir. Erişkinlerde önemli ani körlük sebeplerinden biri olan retina dekolmanı ameliyatları da ülkemizde başarılı şekilde gerçekleştirilmektedir. Gelişmiş toplumlardaki en önemli körlük nedenleri olan diyabetik retinopati ve yaşa bağlı makula dejenerasyonunda intravitreal enjeksiyonlar ve laser tedaviler uygulanmaktadır. Ayrıca günümüzde tedavisi olmayan bazı retina hastalıklarında gen hücre tedavileri, deneysel olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Sinsi bir körlük sebebi olan göz tansiyonu hastalığı (glokom) ile ilgili yeni damlalar, yeni implantlar ve yeni cerrahi teknikler körlüğü engelleme açısından umut vaat etmektedir.

Şubat 2023

 

Rubbing Eyes Triggers Keratoconus

To avoid keratoconus, do not rub or scratch your eyes and have your
general eye examination every year.

Keratoconus disease, which is frequently encountered especially in countries where heat, dust and allergens are intense, occurs as a result of the cornea becoming tapered and thinning forward. The disease, which is shown as the primary cause of corneal transplantation, is most common in Southeastern Anatolia and Mediterranean coasts in Turkey. Both genetic and environmental factors play a key role in the development of the disease. The most important environmental factor is damaging the cornea by scratching and rubbing the eye. Keratoconus occurs with the thinning of the cornea and its anterior conical enlargement. This causes the light to not focus properly inside the eye. As a result, vision deteriorates and daily activities such as reading and driving become very difficult. In some cases, the disease can be genetic. It is also present in 1/10 of the parents. Eye allergy, severe scratching of the eye, and connective tissue diseases such as Ehlers-Danlos or Marfan Syndrome have also been associated with keratoconus. It usually occurs either in the late 20s or early 20s. Within 10-20 years, vision gradually deteriorates. It usually affects both eyes and may progress differently.

The first symptom is blurred vision
Among the early symptoms of the disease, blurred vision, bent and wavy lines, sensitivity to light and glare, redness and edema may occur in the eye. As the disease progresses, symptoms such as turbidity increase, far vision deterioration, astigmatism progression, difficulty in using contact lenses and inability to fully adapt may occur. Although it takes years for keratoconus to progress from the early phase to the advanced stage, it may progress rapidly in some cases. In these cases, corneal edema and scar formation affect the transparency of the cornea, and this is the reason for faster progression in visual complaints. Routine eye examination is very important for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

January 2023

Eye Diseases can Cause Headaches

The headache, which is one of the most common health complaints today, can mean a warning about various systems in the body. It is necessary to take it seriously without losing time, especially for headaches caused by eye diseases.

Eye Health and Diseases Specialist Opr. Dr. Murat Ayan stated that ‘neuro-ophthalmology’ is a sub-branch of eye diseases that examines the relationship of the eye with the brain, and said that in some cases, the cause of headaches may be due to eye diseases. Neurological headaches; Tension-induced and hypertension-related headaches, migraine, and very rarely, are caused by tumors or other vascular diseases in the brain. Sinusitis is one of the most important causes of headache. Since sinusitis is felt behind the eyes, especially in childhood, it can be confused with eye diseases. In this case, it would be beneficial to consult a specialist doctor.

Stating that the branch of science that treats headaches caused by eye diseases and deals with common diseases of the eye and nervous system is called neuro-ophthalmology, Ophthalmology Specialist Opr. Dr. Murat Ayan, “Neuro-ophthalmology deals with the visual and visual field findings that usually accompany diseases in the brain, muscle, nerve, around the eye and in the central nervous system. Regular examination is important for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases originating from the eye (optic) nerve. Headaches can sometimes arise from neurological or other health problems, as well as from eye diseases.

Symptoms of neuro-ophthalmology

Referring to the manifestations of neuro-ophthalmology, Opr. Dr. Murat Ayan, “Visual loss (sudden or temporary), blurred vision, visual field loss, double vision, pupil size difference, color vision disorder, difference in eyelid spacing, facial-eye contraction are the most common symptoms in neuroophthalmology diseases. In order to obtain good results in neuro-ophthalmological treatment, it is important that the person undergoes detailed examinations and examinations. The examinations performed are visual acuity, color vision examination, visual field examination, eye movements and eye examinations.

January 2023

The Destructive Effects of Smoking on the Eyes

When it comes to smoking, there is a long list of devastating effects on our health. Smoking causes many eye diseases, from macular degeneration to strabismus in infants. Ophthalmology Specialist Op. Dr. Seyda Atabay; She drew attention to the damage caused by cigarettes to the eyes and made important warnings.

Smoking significantly increases the risk of catching many irreversible eye diseases and is such a bad habit for health that it can cause permanent vision loss or blindness. Cigarette smoke contains as many as 5,000 active toxic compounds, including aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, tar, tar, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and heavy metals. Smoking is directly linked to the two leading causes of vision loss, cataracts and macular degeneration.

Does smoking hurt the eyes?

It is a well-known fact that smoking is harmful to general health. The share of smoking in the occurrence of diseases that result in death in the world is quite large. Smoking, which is the primary perpetrator of health problems such as cancer, heart and blood vessels, poses a great danger to the eyes as a window to the world. Especially affecting the left eye lens and retinal cells, smoking causes vision loss in the following years. It also greatly increases the risk of developing cataracts and macular degeneration. If you are a smoker over the age of 50, you are more likely to experience smoking-related blindness.

How does smoking affect the eyes?

Smoking or being exposed to cigarette smoke means taking toxins into the body. These toxins disrupt the natural balance of blood flow and cause blockages in capillaries. This blockage in the capillaries prevents the substances necessary for eye health from reaching the eye through the capillaries. Instead, harmful substances reach the eyes and cause permanent damage to eye health.

What is the link between smoking and cataracts?

Studies have proven that when smokers and nonsmokers are compared, the risk of developing cataracts is doubled in smokers. This risk can be up to three times higher for those who smoke more than one pack a day. Studies have also proven that there is a special relationship between cataracts and the amount of cigarettes smoked. The more cigarettes smoked, the greater the chance of developing cataracts. Cataracts occur when the naturally clear lens of the eyes becomes cloudy over time. This age-related condition causes blurred vision, pale colors, and increased sensitivity to brightness. Experts believe that smoking contributes to cataracts by altering lens cells through oxidation. There is also evidence that smoking leads to the accumulation of heavy metals such as cadmium in the lens. 

Smoking causes yellow spot disease

Yellow spot disease is one of the most age-related eye diseases. The yellow spot is the structure located in the center of the retina at the back of the eye and provides color vision. When damaged, it causes vision loss. The biggest symptom of the disease is blurred vision. And also;

  • Deterioration in visual quality,
  • Difficulty in reading,
  • Inability to select objects,
  • Difficulty recognizing faces,
  • Sensitivity to light,
  • Flashes of light,
  • Decreased night vision,
  • The brown spot seen while looking is also one of the symptoms caused by macular degeneration.

Smoking also greatly increases a person’s risk of developing macular degeneration. Studies have proven that smokers are 2 to 4 times more likely to develop this eye problem than those who have never smoked. As with cataracts, the more cigarettes smoked, the higher the risk of developing macular degeneration. In addition to all this, people who do not smoke but are frequently exposed to environmental cigarette smoke will also have an increased risk of this eye disease. Macular degeneration involves the deterioration of the macula, the central part of the retina that allows perceiving fine details. When the macula wears off, people see blurred, distorted, or yellow, blind spots in their central vision. Smoking can promote macular degeneration by blocking blood flow to the retina. Smoking can also seriously increase the harmful effects of oxidation on cells in the macula. Exposure to smoke as a passive smoker invites macular degeneration. As such, the incidence of yellow spot disease, which is the most common cause of vision loss, is increasing. Moreover, smoking reduces the effectiveness of the laser used in the treatment of yellow spot disease.

 It increases the risk of cataracts

The damage caused by smoking to the eyes does not end with counting. Cataract, another eye disease, is caused by exposure to smoking. Moreover, even being a passive smoker is enough to be caught in cataracts. Because smoking causes cataracts by reducing the level of antioxidant factors. Clinical studies show that smoking affects antioxidants such as superoxide, dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, which provide the transparency of the lens. The more cigarette smoke a person is exposed to, the greater the risk of developing cataracts.

May cause strabismus and blindness in infants

Smoking can cause dryness in the eyes, deterioration of the eye muscles, increased eye pressure and protrusion of the eyeball. In addition to all these, smoking during pregnancy harms not only the person but also the baby. The risk of strabismus increases in the babies of mothers who smoke during pregnancy. Smoking, which causes premature birth, can even cause blindness in babies. In order to protect eye health, it is necessary to quit smoking and not be exposed to smoke, even passively. Most importantly, if it is felt that there is something out of the ordinary in the eyes, it is necessary to consult a specialist doctor.

What are other eye health problems related to smoking?

In addition, smoking can lead to the following eye problems;

  • Diabetic retinopathy: This problem is a common complication of diabetes. It affects the small blood vessels of the retina in the eye. The blood vessels in the retina can rupture, leak, or become clogged. This can also affect vision over time. In some people with diabetic retinopathy, serious damage can occur to the eye when new blood vessels grow on the surface of the retina.
  • Dry eye syndrome: This disorder occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears. Smoking can also worsen the symptoms of this pathology, as it causes dry eyes and irritation.
  • Optic nerve damage: Smoking can cause serious problems with this nerve, which connects the eye with the brain and can lead to blindness.
  • Amblyopia: This problem, also known as amblyopia, is a vision problem that rarely occurs in both eyes and is severely obstructed without any disease in the visual pathways and eye. Smoking can cause a great deal of lazy eye.
  • Conjunctivitis: The inflammation (inflammation) of the white part of the eye (sclera) and the layer (conjunctiva) that covers the inner part of the eyelids and is in the form of a thin membrane is called conjunctivitis. Smoking is directly related to conjunctivitis.

Sigaradan kaynaklanan görme kaybını önlemek için neler yapılmalıdır?

There is still hope for people who want to avoid smoking-related vision loss. Quitting smoking increases the chances of avoiding eye diseases. For example, the risk of developing macular degeneration after 1 year in people who quit smoking is reduced by 6-7%. After 5 years, this risk decreases to 5%. The same is true for cataracts or other eye problems. Although very slowly, the damage caused by smoking to the eyes will heal over time. In addition to all these, the following situations should also be taken into account;

  • Protective glasses should be used against the harmful UV rays of the sun.
  • The eyes should be rested after reading a book or any activity that strains the eyes, such as the television or computer.
  • Healthy eating habits that help maintain good visual acuity should be followed meticulously.
  • Attention should always be paid to eye hygiene.
  • Blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose levels should be checked to detect possible symptoms of eye disorders.

We are waiting for you at our hospital to determine the damage caused by smoking and to create a treatment plan with our specialists.

January 2023

Anisocoria and Pupil Diseases

Look carefully at your eyes in the mirror. Does one pupil look noticeably larger or smaller than the other? If so, you may have anisocoria.

Anisocoria means you have a case of unequal pupils. One pupil may be larger than normal (enlarged) or the pupil smaller than normal (constricted), resulting in pupils that are different in size. The pupil is the space in the middle of the iris of the eye. It allows light to come onto the retina. The reason it is black is because the light rays in the pupil are absorbed through the tissues in the eye and the scattering of the rays do not come back out through the pupil.

What is the treatment method of anisocoria and unequal sized pupils?

Anisocoria is a condition in which one of the two pupils is larger or smaller than the other. Pupil is the name given to the place in the middle of the eye. It enlarges or shrinks to adjust the size of the light coming into the eye. Normally the pupils are equal in size. The case of inequality is called anisocoria . The types of anisocoria are as follows:

  1. Physiological Anisocoria: This is the most common type of anisocoria. The pupils of the eyes are different sizes from each other by nature. It is seen in -30% of the population. While it may be temporary in some people, it is permanent in others. The difference between the pupils is known to be about 11 mm.
  2. Mechanical Anisocoria: In order for this variety to occur, there must have been outer damage to the eye beforehand. As a result, this type of the disease may occur. Causes of mechanical anisocoria may be traumas to the eye and eye infections. This condition is mostly permanent. The underlying causes heavily damage the eye structure and the damage may remain even after healing.
  3. Pathological Anisocoria: There may be a medical reason for this disease to occur. Some medical reasons; other diseases affecting the optic nerves, a disease affecting the iris, eye infections. By treating the cause of pathological anisocoria , the pupil size difference can usually be corrected.

What are the causes of anisocoria?

There are many causes of anisocoria. These reasons can be listed as follows:

  1. Ocumulator Nerve Paralysis: This nerve is the third cranial nerve. The causes of this nerve paralysis are known as cerebral hemorrhage, migraine, brain aneurysm, head trauma. Symptoms of this paralysis can be listed as double vision, ptosis, abnormality of the muscles around the eyes, and focusing problem.
  2. Horner’s Syndrome: This syndrome occurs as a result of damage to the sympathetic nervous system. It is a syndrome characterized by miosis (constriction of a pupil causing anisocoria), anhidrosis (loss of sweating around the affected eye) and ptosis (droopy eyelid). Another symptom is the size difference between the pupils. Horner’s syndrome is typically caused by an underlying medical problem, such as a stroke, tumor, or spinal cord injury. However, in some cases no cause can be found. There is no specific treatment for Horner’s syndrome, but if it is associated with an identified medical problem, treatment for the condition may resolve Horner’s symptoms, including anisocoria.
  3. Tonic Pupil: It is known as a situation where the pupils are larger than they should be in the light environment and the contraction action of the eye takes more time. Most of the time, this disease occurs in women aged 20-40 years. It is known to cause pupils to be one large and one small. This is one of the causes of anisocoria.
  4. Medicines: Some drugs may cause a difference between the pupils of the eyes due to their side effects. Anticholinergic, pilocarpine, sympathomimetic are some of the drugs that cause damage to the pupil. It can cause discomfort when used for a long time and a lot of diseases such as anisocoria may occur.
  5. Other Causes: Epilepsy, concussion, tumors in the brain, glaucoma, tumors in the eye, brain hemorrhage, eye trauma and infections (uveitis, iritis…).

What are Pupil Diseases and Symptoms?

Anisocoria, a pupillary disease, is the size difference between the pupils. In addition to the causes of this disease, there may also be other symptoms. These symptoms can be listed as follows:

  1. Double vision
  2. Fever
  3. Nausea
  4. Continuous vomiting
  5. Low eyelids
  6. Headache
  7. Vision loss
  8. Dizziness
  9. Blurred vision

January 2023