Intense UV exposure can damage the cornea and lead to photokeratitis. Experts emphasize that the eyes, just like the skin, need protection from the sun, especially during the summer months.

When the harmful effects of sunlight are discussed, skin health is usually the first thing that comes to mind. However, ultraviolet (UV) rays can also damage the cornea, the outermost layer of the eye. Known as photokeratitis, this condition is more commonly seen during the summer months, particularly at the beach, in snowy environments or after prolonged exposure to sunlight. Ophthalmology Specialist Assoc. Prof. Dr. Uğur Ünsal notes that awareness of this condition, recently referred to on social media as “sunburned eyes,” has increased, yet many people still do not recognize its symptoms. Photokeratitis is defined as temporary damage to the corneal surface caused by intense exposure to UV radiation. Spending extended periods outdoors without adequate eye protection, especially during peak sunlight hours, significantly increases the risk.

Photokeratitis Occurs When the Eyes Are Left Unprotected Against the Sun
Photokeratitis is essentially an acute response of the eye to excessive sun exposure. Symptoms can develop within a short period as UV rays affect the cells on the corneal surface. Complaints typically begin several hours after exposure and can significantly reduce daily comfort and quality of life. Although often associated with summer, photokeratitis can also occur during the winter months. Reflected sunlight from snow-covered surfaces can intensify UV exposure, while similar risks are present around the sea and swimming pools. Artificial UV sources, such as tanning beds, are also considered a serious threat to eye health. Specialists emphasize that UV radiation can have lasting effects not only on the skin but also on the eyes.

Symptoms May Develop Within Hours
Common symptoms of photokeratitis include stinging, a burning sensation, redness, tearing and increased sensitivity to light. Some individuals may find it difficult to keep their eyes open, while temporary blurred vision or reduced visual clarity may also occur. Symptoms may be more severe in contact lens wearers, people who work outdoors for extended periods and those exposed to high levels of UV radiation. Specialists stress that this type of eye sensitivity should not be dismissed as simple irritation. In some cases, swelling of the eyelids, headaches and a pronounced feeling of discomfort may also accompany the condition.

Not All Sunglasses Offer Adequate Protection
Specialists emphasize that choosing the right sunglasses plays a crucial role in protecting eye health. Dark lenses alone do not guarantee protection, and sunglasses should always provide 100% UV protection. Eyewear without proper UV filters may actually allow more harmful rays to reach the eyes by causing the pupils to dilate. Children and individuals with lighter-colored eyes are considered particularly vulnerable to the effects of UV radiation and should take extra precautions. Experts also stress the importance of purchasing certified products from reputable optical retailers.

Simple Precautions Can Help Protect Your Eyes
To reduce the risk of photokeratitis, experts recommend avoiding prolonged outdoor exposure during peak sunlight hours. Wearing a wide-brimmed hat, choosing high-quality sunglasses with UV protection and taking extra precautions in environments with reflective surfaces are all considered important protective measures. Specialists also note that outdoor athletes, sailors, skiers and individuals who spend long hours driving should be especially mindful of their eye health. People who spend extended periods in the sun during summer vacations are encouraged not to neglect proper eye protection.

Do Not Delay if You Experience Burning Eyes or Light Sensitivity
Although photokeratitis often improves on its own within a few days, professional evaluation may be necessary in some cases. If symptoms such as severe pain, significant vision loss, persistent redness or extreme sensitivity to light occur, consultation with an eye care specialist is strongly recommended. With timely precautions and appropriate treatment, the condition can usually be managed more comfortably and effectively. Experts also emphasize the need to increase public awareness of eye health, particularly in relation to rising UV exposure during the summer months. Protecting eye health, they note, is an important part of maintaining overall quality of life.

June 2026