Eye allergy and eye infection are conditions with similar symptoms. Although they have similar symptoms, it is possible to recognize which one it is and to distinguish between an infection and an allergy with a microscopic examination by an ophthalmologist.

The most common symptoms of an eye infection are redness, burning, itching, watering, tenderness and crusting or discharge around the eyelids. Conjunctivitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, allergens and other irritants. Because it is contagious, conjunctivitis caused by viruses and bacteria in particular can spread to other people. Eye allergy, or allergic conjunctivitis as it is medically called, is a fairly common disease that, unlike other conjunctivitis, does not spread from person to person. The most important symptoms are redness, itching and watery eyes. If there is no itching, allergy should not be considered. As in other allergic diseases, genetic characteristics and environmental interaction play a role in eye allergy. It is often seen together with other allergic conditions in the body. It is more common in children and adolescence. The incidence gradually decreases at older ages.

Microscopic Examination Required
Experts say that the most common potential allergens that cause eye allergies are pollen, animal dander, chemical odors, house dust and mold. If conjunctivitis is caused by pollen, it is usually seasonal. If the allergic cause is animal dander, mold and dust, it can sometimes cause an allergic crisis. Some people may also develop allergic conjunctivitis to certain eye drops or contact lens solutions. Since allergic conjunctivitis shares similar symptoms with other eye diseases, it is important to make the correct diagnosis. For example, eye allergy and eye infection are different conditions with similar symptoms but different medical causes. A microscopic examination by an ophthalmologist is necessary to identify the disease and to differentiate between infection and allergy. The examination reveals redness of the eye as well as swelling inside the eyelid caused by allergic conjunctivitis. The basic principle of treatment is to avoid the cause of the allergy.

August 2023

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